ABSTRACT
This report is on topic of simulation and analysis of different heating method for bio-digester substrate. Now-a-days the energy demand is increasing so we have to look other options and devise a method to optimize the production from other sources. Due to Covid-19 mass migration and increased hospital admission occurs, to fulfill the food supply biogas is sought. This report focus on digesters on a small scale that can be employed for household activities. To increase the biogas yield among different influencing factors temperature is chosen and worked upon. Along with insulation there is a heating method installed to maintain the stable temperature which facilitates breakdown of organic materials and improve the productivity. In colder climates maintaining mesophilic temperature can be a challenge, therefore three heating methods are simulated and analyzed. The study reveals about floor heating, in-vessel heating and floor + in-vessel heating method. In-vessel heating method provides uniform cooling, whereas floor heating can be applied at relatively cold climates because it give significant temperature rise (about ∼14 °C). Out of these three methods floor + in-vessel heating method is found suitable as it optimize the benefits of both floor and in-vessel heating methods with 5 °C temperature raise. © 2022
ABSTRACT
Introduction: The clinical and epidemiological presentations of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in India is still not well explored. We studied the epidemiological and clinical profile and outcomes of COVID-19 patients admitted to a tertiary care private hospital in Kerala, India. Methods: In this retrospective study, we analyzed data of 476 adult (≥18 years) COVID-19 patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital in Kerala from September 1, 2020 to March 31, 2021. The patients were categorized into mild, moderate, and severe cases and followed till discharge or death. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0 with a significance set at P < 0.05. Results: The median age was 57 years (56% men). Mild, moderate, and severe cases accounted for 17%, 65%, and 18%, respectively. Around 75% had at least one comorbidity, and 51% had multiple comorbidities. The most common comorbidities were diabetes (45%), hypertension (44%), dyslipidemia (15%), and cardiac problems (12%). The elevated D-dimer values among patients in different categories were significantly different, with 74% in severe, 46% in moderate, and 19% in mild category patients. Serum ferritin, C-reactive protein, lactic acid dehydrogenase, and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio values were significantly higher for severely ill patients. Thirty deaths (67% men) occurred during the study period, with a case fatality rate of 6.3%. Mortality mainly happened in the older age group (80%) and those with multimorbidity (90%). Conclusion: Age and multimorbidity are the major contributing factors for death in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Generalization of the findings necessitates well-designed large-scale studies.